Why are People with Hearing Loss More Prone to Dementia?

By the time adults reach their seventies, nearly two-thirds experience some degree of hearing loss. Studies show that adults with hearing loss have a higher susceptibility to dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders. 

Why is this, and what can we do to prevent it?

A study of nearly 2,000 older adults showed that those with moderate-to-severe hearing loss were 24% more likely to experience a decline in cognitive function than those with normal hearing. Men, in particular, are much more susceptible than women. Men with hearing loss are 69% more likely to develop dementia than those without.

And the more pronounced the hearing loss, the higher the risk of dementia. Those with mild hearing impairment are nearly twice as likely to develop dementia as those with normal hearing. The risk triples with moderate hearing loss, and those with severe impairment are five times as likely to experience cognitive decline.

What’s the connection?

The figures clearly indicate a correlation, but why does hearing loss lead to a deterioration in cognitive function? There are several possible causes. Some studies suggest that the link is partly down to brain changes that come about as a result of hearing loss. Others suggest that hearing loss can be associated with a more isolated lifestyle that aggravates symptoms.

Hearing loss changes brain structure

Living with hearing loss over a long period can lead to those parts of the brain associated with hearing and listening being underused. When a part of the brain becomes inactive, it can lead to loss of tissue as well as significant changes in brain structure. The structures of brain cells can shrink – or atrophy – when they don’t get enough stimulation. There is evidence that the brains of people with hearing loss are more susceptible to shrinkage than those with normal hearing, which could set a course for the development of Alzheimer’s and other cognitive disorders.

Hearing loss overworks the brain

A second potential link between hearing loss and dementia comes in the form of cognitive overload. When an adult with hearing loss struggles to hear a conversation, the brain works overtime to decipher what people are saying. Over time this uses up a lot of mental energy and concentration, sapping brain power used for other crucial functions such as thought and memory.

Hearing loss is linked with social isolation

Another, albeit less direct, connection between hearing loss and brain impairment is social isolation. Studies have shown that adults with hearing loss are far more likely to experience loneliness, depression and anxiety, while less likely to engage in social activities. Hearing loss makes it harder to maintain social relationships, and as a result, many adults may withdraw from social life. The brain is stimulated by conversation and interaction with our environment, so it is no great surprise that an isolated lifestyle is linked to a higher risk of cognitive decline

It is unclear how much of a part each factor plays in the link between dementia and hearing loss, but identifying a correlation is a crucial step towards prevention.

How can adults with hearing loss prevent dementia?

Although evidence suggests there is a connection between hearing loss and dementia, that isn’t to say that a loved one experiencing hearing difficulties is going to develop Alzheimer’s. Many older adults with hearing loss live full, active lives with the right treatment. So how can adults with hearing loss avoid the risk of cognitive impairment?

Hearing loss for many people can be so mild they don’t even realize they have it until it worsens. A hearing evaluation or a consultation with an audiologist can clear up any doubt as to whether your hearing is in decline and allow you to find the right treatment to help. Early identification of potential hearing loss can help minimize possible risks in the future.

Hearing aids can prevent the likelihood of developing cognitive disorders later in life. For adults already experiencing dementia, hearing difficulties aggravate symptoms and a hearing aid can provide some relief. Studies show hearing aids can decelerate the speed of memory decline and improve the quality of life for Alzheimer’s patients with hearing loss.

At Professional Hearing Aid Associates, our audiologists provide a full range of diagnostic and rehabilitative services for those with hearing difficulties. Book an appointment with our team today by calling at (785) 940-4101 to find out how we can help you hear better.